Stapedectomy is a surgical procedure performed to improve hearing in patients with otosclerosis, a condition where the stapes bone in the middle ear becomes fixed and unable to vibrate properly, leading to hearing loss. The stapes is one of the three tiny bones in the middle ear responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. During a stapedectomy, the surgeon removes the affected stapes bone and replaces it with a prosthetic device, which aims to restore proper sound conduction and improve hearing. The procedure is typically performed under local or general anesthesia and involves making a small incision in the ear canal to access the middle ear. The affected stapes bone is carefully removed, and a prosthesis is inserted to restore the transmission of sound vibrations. Stapedectomy can be highly effective in improving hearing for many patients, but it carries several potential risks and complications. Common complications include infection, bleeding, and dizziness or balance problems due to the manipulation of inner ear structures. There is also a risk of hearing loss or worsening of existing hearing issues if the prosthesis does not function correctly or if there are complications during the healing process. Some patients may experience tinnitus (ringing in the ears) or a sensation of fullness in the ear. Post-operative care involves managing pain, monitoring for complications, and protecting the ear from infection. Follow-up visits are crucial to assess hearing improvement, ensure proper healing, and address any concerns related to the surgery's outcomes.
